Editorial Record: Submitted August 12, 2024. Revised January 6, 2025. Accepted November 12, 2025.

Authors

ABSTRACT

Using theoretical frameworks of psychological distance and science literacy, this study introduces the construct of “closeness to numbers” conceptualized as: (i) practical numeracy – an understanding of how to use numbers, (ii) civic numeracy – a sense of comfort and confidence in discussing numerical data, and (iii) cultural numeracy – an appreciation for numerical data in the field. Using semi-structured in-depth interviews with public relations/communication students (n=15) and professionals (n=20), this study found that practical numeracy can be developed even if some struggled with it early on, civic numeracy nurtured at home and school can become integral at work, and cultural numeracy can be nurtured even if one is struggling with other numeracies. Experiential factors mattered significantly in developing closeness. Use of concrete contexts, establishing a supportive community, and inoculating against number trauma and negative self-talk contributed to building closeness to numbers.